See punctum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lacrimal punctum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum caecum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum delens"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum proximum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum remotum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum saliens"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum stans"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum vasculosum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctum vegetationis"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūnctum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūnctum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "point",
"3": "pointe",
"4": "ponto",
"5": "puncto",
"6": "punt<id:point>",
"7": "punto"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punt, and punto",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pūnctum. Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punt, and punto.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punctums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puncta",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "puncta"
},
"expansion": "punctum (plural punctums or puncta)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "punctal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 15 9 13 7 7 2 6 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 8 36 3 3 1 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"ref": "1861, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology:",
"text": "Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white puncta nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area."
],
"id": "en-punctum-en-noun-Z3HPNQSF",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"area",
"area"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 8 36 3 3 1 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A neume representing a single tone."
],
"id": "en-punctum-en-noun-Jq-kWxjE",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"neume",
"neume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A neume representing a single tone."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Coined in 1980 by French literary theorist Roland Barthes in his book Camera Lucida.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punctums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puncta",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "puncta"
},
"expansion": "punctum (plural punctums or puncta)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Photography",
"orig": "en:Photography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"ref": "2007, Photography theory, page 87:",
"text": "[…]the punctum is something that is seen by the viewer, without it being shown to them by the photographer. As such, it functions, according to Fried, as an “ontological guarantee” (553) of a given photograph’s nontheatricality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"ref": "2012, Jeff Rice, Digital Detroit: Rhetoric and Space in the Age of the Network, page 160:",
"text": "Barthes describes the punctum (the nonconnotative or denotative meaning) of the photograph (or movie still) in such a manner; the detail relevant or not relevant to the image's overall meaning becomes the focus of an otherwise forgettable picture […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A detail in a photograph that captures the viewer's attention and evokes an emotional response or personal connection beyond the intended subject."
],
"id": "en-punctum-en-noun-qAgJ~gtx",
"links": [
[
"photography",
"photography"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
],
[
"photograph",
"photograph"
],
[
"emotional",
"emotional"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(photography) A detail in a photograph that captures the viewer's attention and evokes an emotional response or personal connection beyond the intended subject."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"photography"
]
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "punctums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "punctum m (plural punctums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 10 40 4 4 1 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 8 36 3 3 1 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"field of vision"
],
"id": "en-punctum-fr-noun-O0kvTqwQ",
"links": [
[
"field of vision",
"field of vision"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-punctum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "la:Time",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "puntu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "punt"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punktum"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punt"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pónt"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punctum"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "pont"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkto"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkto"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Punktum"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ponc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "punto"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "punto",
"word": "پونطو"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "punkt"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punktr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punct"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "pwnc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pwnc"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punktum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "ponch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "punkt"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "pwynt"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pwynt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "point"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poin"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pointo",
"word": "ポイント"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pointeu",
"word": "포인트"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poin"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "point"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "point"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poin"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pointo",
"word": "ポイント"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pointeu",
"word": "포인트"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poin"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "p'int"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "point"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "point"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punt"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poeng"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pointa"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poäng"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "puan"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "point"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "poinct"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "pointe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pointe"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "point"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "point"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "ponto"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "pwyth"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "pwyth"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*puɨθ"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punct"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "punkt",
"word": "пункт"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "puntu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punto"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punto"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "puento"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "ponto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūnctus",
"id": "point"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Neuter form of pūnctus, the perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctum<2>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "la:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "la:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 11 2 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 13 6 11 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
],
[
103,
110
],
[
218,
225
]
],
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5,
10
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136,
141
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244,
249
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],
"english": "1. A point is that of which there is no part.\nHaving a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.",
"ref": "1858 [1712], Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, edited by Carl Immanuel Gerhardt and Georg Heinrich Pertz, Gesammelte Werke: Leibnizens mathematische Schriften [Collected Works: Leibniz's Mathematical Writings], volume 5, \"In Euclidis πρῶτα\" [About the first things of Euclid], page 183:",
"text": "I. Pūnctum est cujus pars nūlla est.\nAddendum est, situm habēns. Aliōquī et temporis īnstāns, et Anima pūnctum foret. Sit locus #92;bar#123;X#125;; sī jam quicquid est in locō #92;bar#123;X#125;, sit X, dīcētur X esse pūnctum, quāle A.",
"translation": "1. A point is that of which there is no part.\nHaving a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"point"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun-JR~s1ZLl",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also grammar, mathematics) point"
],
"tags": [
"also",
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"puncture"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun--be1vqSL",
"links": [
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"moment"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun-chECB7ZJ",
"links": [
[
"moment",
"moment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestīgium"
},
{
"word": "mōmentum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"small portion"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun-LEeWuMq~",
"links": [
[
"portion",
"portion"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an affirmative vote, suffrage, ballot"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun-KFaK6EYv",
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"suffrage",
"suffrage"
],
[
"ballot",
"ballot"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suffrāgium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Poetry",
"orig": "la:Poetry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"applause, approbation"
],
"id": "en-punctum-la-noun-DxryPCQY",
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"applause",
"applause"
],
[
"approbation",
"approbation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) applause, approbation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūnctus"
}
],
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}
{
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
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"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Time"
],
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{
"word": "lacrimal punctum"
},
{
"word": "punctum caecum"
},
{
"word": "punctum delens"
},
{
"word": "punctum proximum"
},
{
"word": "punctum remotum"
},
{
"word": "punctum saliens"
},
{
"word": "punctum stans"
},
{
"word": "punctum vasculosum"
},
{
"word": "punctum vegetationis"
}
],
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{
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{
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"7": "punto"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punt, and punto",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "punctums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puncta",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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{
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{
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"ref": "1861, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology:",
"text": "Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white puncta nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"area",
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],
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"(anatomy) A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"A neume representing a single tone."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"neume",
"neume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"entertainment",
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"music"
]
}
],
"word": "punctum"
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{
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"la:Time"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Coined in 1980 by French literary theorist Roland Barthes in his book Camera Lucida.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punctums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puncta",
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"plural"
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}
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"text": "[…]the punctum is something that is seen by the viewer, without it being shown to them by the photographer. As such, it functions, according to Fried, as an “ontological guarantee” (553) of a given photograph’s nontheatricality.",
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},
{
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],
"ref": "2012, Jeff Rice, Digital Detroit: Rhetoric and Space in the Age of the Network, page 160:",
"text": "Barthes describes the punctum (the nonconnotative or denotative meaning) of the photograph (or movie still) in such a manner; the detail relevant or not relevant to the image's overall meaning becomes the focus of an otherwise forgettable picture […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A detail in a photograph that captures the viewer's attention and evokes an emotional response or personal connection beyond the intended subject."
],
"links": [
[
"photography",
"photography"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
],
[
"photograph",
"photograph"
],
[
"emotional",
"emotional"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(photography) A detail in a photograph that captures the viewer's attention and evokes an emotional response or personal connection beyond the intended subject."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"photography"
]
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
"la:Time"
],
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "punctum m (plural punctums)",
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"field of vision"
],
"links": [
[
"field of vision",
"field of vision"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-punctum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-punctum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
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"la:Time"
],
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "puntu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "punt"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punktum"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "punt"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pónt"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punctum"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "pont"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkto"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "German",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "Punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
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],
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{
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pont"
}
],
"lang": "German",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Punktum"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ponc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "punto"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "punto",
"word": "پونطو"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "punto"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "punkt"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
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"word": "punkt"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "punkt"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "punktr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "punct"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
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"word": "pwnc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
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"word": "pwnc"
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{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
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],
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{
"lang": "Occitan",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"lang": "Indonesian",
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{
"lang": "Japanese",
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{
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],
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
"lang": "Turkish",
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],
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
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],
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{
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctum<2>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"la:Grammar",
"la:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
],
[
103,
110
],
[
218,
225
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
10
],
[
136,
141
],
[
244,
249
]
],
"english": "1. A point is that of which there is no part.\nHaving a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.",
"ref": "1858 [1712], Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, edited by Carl Immanuel Gerhardt and Georg Heinrich Pertz, Gesammelte Werke: Leibnizens mathematische Schriften [Collected Works: Leibniz's Mathematical Writings], volume 5, \"In Euclidis πρῶτα\" [About the first things of Euclid], page 183:",
"text": "I. Pūnctum est cujus pars nūlla est.\nAddendum est, situm habēns. Aliōquī et temporis īnstāns, et Anima pūnctum foret. Sit locus #92;bar#123;X#125;; sī jam quicquid est in locō #92;bar#123;X#125;, sit X, dīcētur X esse pūnctum, quāle A.",
"translation": "1. A point is that of which there is no part.\nHaving a position must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a point. Let there be a locus ̄X; if anything is already in the locus ̄X, let it be X. X will be said to be a point, such as A.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"point"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also grammar, mathematics) point"
],
"tags": [
"also",
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"puncture"
],
"links": [
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"moment"
],
"links": [
[
"moment",
"moment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestīgium"
},
{
"word": "mōmentum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"small portion"
],
"links": [
[
"portion",
"portion"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an affirmative vote, suffrage, ballot"
],
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"suffrage",
"suffrage"
],
[
"ballot",
"ballot"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suffrāgium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Poetry"
],
"glosses": [
"applause, approbation"
],
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"applause",
"applause"
],
[
"approbation",
"approbation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) applause, approbation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pūnctus"
}
],
"word": "punctum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for punctum meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.